保定园林景观绿化工程公司哪家好

一、常用的肥料种类及其对绿化苗木生长的影响

1. The types of fertilizers commonly used and their effects on the growth of greening seedlings.

常用的肥料主要分两种：一种是有机肥，主要包括牲畜的粪便、腐熟的草叶等；另一种是无机肥，也就是常用的尿素、复合肥等。

The commonly used fertilizer is mainly divided into two kinds: one is organic manure, which mainly includes livestock manure, decayed grass leaf and so on; the other is inorganic fertilizer, which is commonly used as urea and compound fertilizer.

1.1 有机肥

1.1 organic fertilizer

有机肥是在栽植树木时使用较多的肥料种类，有机肥使用前一定要发酵使其充分腐熟，否则会对绿化苗木造成伤害。这些肥料对树木的影响主要有以下几个方面：肥料未经腐熟。这样的肥料在施入栽植穴后，会继续发酵生热，致使局部土温升高，从而烧伤根系，导致树木死亡；肥料中含有害虫菌。在肥料中有蛴螬、金针虫等害虫虫卵、幼虫或其他病菌，使树木的根系被害虫啃食或病菌侵染，导致树木死亡。

Organic manure is a kind of fertilizer used more when planting trees. It must be fermented to fully decompose before the use of organic manure, otherwise it will cause harm to the green seedlings. The influence of these fertilizers on trees is mainly in the following aspects: fertilizer is not decomposed. This kind of fertilizer will continue to ferment heat after it is applied to the planting point, which makes the local soil temperature rise, thus burn the root and cause the trees to die; the fertilizer contains insect pests. In the fertilizer, there are grubs, larvae, or other pathogens, such as grubs, needle worms, etc., so that the roots of trees are eaten or infected by pests, resulting in the death of trees.

1.2 无机肥

1.2 inorganic fertilizer

常用的有尿素、磷酸二氨等化学产品，这些产品在用量不当的情况下，所挥发的氨气会侵蚀根系，导致树木死亡。肥害的特征：受肥害的树木表现为地上部生长逐渐衰弱，新生的枝叶脱落死亡，枝条表现为干缩失水，根系表现为根系生长点死亡，根系皮下组织受侵蚀朽烂，根系表皮枯死，根系木质部呈浅褐色。

Commonly used products are urea, diammonium phosphate and other chemical products. If the products are not used properly, the ammonia volatilization will corrode the roots and cause the trees to die. The characteristics of fertilizer damage: the tree affected by the manure is characterized by the gradual decline of the growth of the upper part of the ground, the death of the new branches and leaves, the branches showing dry shrinkage, the root growth of the roots, the erosion and decay of the subcutaneous tissue of the root system, the dead root of the root and the light brown color of the xylem in the root system.

二、绿化苗木种植过程中的施肥方法

Two. The method of fertilization in the planting of green seedlings

苗木可以在晚秋和早春施基肥。秋天施肥应避免抽秋梢。但由于气候不同，各地的施肥时间也不尽一致。在暖温带地区，10月上中旬是开始施肥的安全时期。秋天施肥的优点是施肥以后，有些营养可立即进入根系，另一些营养在冬末春初进入根系，剩余部分则可以更晚的时候产生效用。由于苗木根系远在芽膨大之前开始活动，只要施肥位置得当，就能很快见效。一般不提倡夏季，特别是仲夏以后施肥，因为这时施肥容易使苗木生长过旺，新梢木质化程度低，容易遭受低温的危害。施肥次数取决于苗木的种类、生长的反应和其他因素。

The seedlings of base fertilizer in late autumn and early spring. Fall fertilization should be avoided in autumn. But because of different climate, the time of fertilization is different. In warm temperate zone, the middle and the upper part of October is a safe period to start fertilization. The advantage of fertilization in autumn is that after fertilization, some nutrients can enter the root system immediately, and the other nutrients enter the roots at the beginning of winter and early spring, and the rest can be more effective at a later time. Since the roots of seedlings begin to move before bud expansion, they will soon become effective if fertilization is properly placed. In general, it is not advocated in summer, especially after midsummer, because it is easy to grow seedlings and low degree of lignification of new shoots, so it is easy to suffer from the harm of low temperature. The frequency of fertilization depends on seedling type, growth response and other factors.

2.1 土壤施肥

2.1 fertilization in soil

地表施肥。生长在裸露土壤上的小树，可以撒施，但必须同时松土或浇水，使肥料进入土层，才能获得比较满意的效果。需要特别注意的是，不要在树干30厘米以内施化肥，否则会造成根颈和干基的损伤；打孔施肥。是从穴状施肥衍变而来的一种方法，通常大规格苗木或草坪上生长的苗木，都采用孔施法，这种方法可使肥料遍布整个根系分布区。方法是在施肥区每隔60 - 80厘米打一个30 - 60厘米深的孔，将额定施肥量均匀的施入各个孔中，约达孔深的2/3，然后用泥炭藓、碎粪肥或表土堵塞孔洞、踩紧。

Fertilization on the surface. Small trees growing on bare soil can be spared, but they must be loosen or watered at the same time, so that the fertilizer can enter the soil layer to obtain satisfactory results. What we need to pay special attention to is not to apply chemical fertilizer within 30 centimeters of the trunk, otherwise it will cause damage to the neck and dry base. It is a method that derives from acupoint fertilization. The Kong Shi method is used in the seedlings of large size seedlings or lawn, which can make the fertilizer spread throughout the whole root distribution area. The method is to make a 30-60 centimetre deep hole every 60-80 centimeters in the fertilizing area, apply the rated fertilizer amount evenly into each hole, reach the depth of 2/3 in the hole, and then block the hole with peat moss, manure or topsoil, and step tight.

2.2 根外追肥

2.2 external fertilizer

根外追肥也叫叶面喷肥，具有简单易行、用肥量小、吸收见效快、可满足苗木急需等优点，避免了营养元素在土壤中的化学或生物固定作用，尤其适合在缺水季节或缺水地区以及不便土壤施肥的地方采用。叶面喷肥不能代替土壤施肥。土壤施肥和叶面喷肥各具特点，可以互补不足，如能运用得当，可发挥肥料的最大效用。

The root external fertilizer is also called foliar fertilizer. It has the advantages of simple and easy to use, small amount of fertilizer, fast absorption, and can meet the needs of the seedlings. It avoids the chemical or biological fixation of the nutrient elements in the soil, especially in the water shortage season or water shortage area and the place where soil fertilization is inconvenient. Foliar fertilization can not replace soil fertilization. The characteristics of soil fertilization and foliar spraying can be complementary to each other. If applied properly, the maximum utility of fertilizers can be realized.