保定园林景观绿化工程公司哪家好

常用的肥料主要分两种：一种是有机肥，主要包括牲畜的粪便、腐熟的草叶等；另一种是无机肥，也就是常用的尿素、复合肥等。

Commonly used fertilizers are mainly divided into two kinds: one is organic fertilizer, which mainly includes livestock manure, decomposed grass leaves, etc. the other is inorganic fertilizer, which is commonly used urea, compound fertilizer and so on.

1.1 有机肥

1.1 organic fertilizer

有机肥是在栽植树木时使用较多的肥料种类，有机肥使用前一定要发酵使其充分腐熟，否则会对绿化苗木造成伤害。这些肥料对树木的影响主要有以下几个方面：肥料未经腐熟。这样的肥料在施入栽植穴后，会继续发酵生热，致使局部土温升高，从而烧伤根系，导致树木死亡；肥料中含有害虫菌。在肥料中有蛴螬、金针虫等害虫虫卵、幼虫或其他病菌，使树木的根系被害虫啃食或病菌侵染，导致树木死亡。

Organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer that is used when planting trees. Organic fertilizer must be fermented before it is used, otherwise it will cause damage to greening seedlings. The effects of these fertilizers on trees are mainly in the following aspects: the fertilizer is not ripe. This application of fertilizer in the planting hole, will continue to ferment heat, resulting in local soil temperature increases, which leads to the death of trees; burn root, fertilizer containing insect bacteria. In the fertilizer in grubs, wireworms and eggs, larvae or other bacteria, the tree roots are eating pests or pathogens, resulting in the death of trees.

1.2 无机肥

1.2 inorganic fertilizer

常用的有尿素、磷酸二氨等化学产品，这些产品在用量不当的情况下，所挥发的氨气会侵蚀根系，导致树木死亡。肥害的特征：受肥害的树木表现为地上部生长逐渐衰弱，新生的枝叶脱落死亡，枝条表现为干缩失水，根系表现为根系生长点死亡，根系皮下组织受侵蚀朽烂，根系表皮枯死，根系木质部呈浅褐色。

The commonly used urea phosphate, ammonia and other chemical products, these products in case of improper dosage, the ammonia volatilization will lead to erosion of root, dead trees. The characteristics of fertilizer: fertilizer damage to trees are affected by the growth of new branches gradually weakened, falling death, branches showed shrinkage loss, root for root growth and death, subcutaneous tissue erosion of root decay, root epidermis dead, root xylem is light brown.

二、绿化苗木种植过程中的施肥方法

Two. The method of fertilization in the planting of green seedlings

苗木可以在晚秋和早春施基肥。秋天施肥应避免抽秋梢。但由于气候不同，各地的施肥时间也不尽一致。在暖温带地区，10月上中旬是开始施肥的安全时期。秋天施肥的优点是施肥以后，有些营养可立即进入根系，另一些营养在冬末春初进入根系，剩余部分则可以更晚的时候产生效用。由于苗木根系远在芽膨大之前开始活动，只要施肥位置得当，就能很快见效。一般不提倡夏季，特别是仲夏以后施肥，因为这时施肥容易使苗木生长过旺，新梢木质化程度低，容易遭受低温的危害。施肥次数取决于苗木的种类、生长的反应和其他因素。

The seedlings of base fertilizer in late autumn and early spring. Fall fertilization should be avoided in autumn. But because of the different climate, the time of fertilization is not the same. In the warm temperate zone, the mid October was a safe period for the beginning of fertilization. The advantage of fertilization in autumn is that some nutrients can enter the roots immediately after fertilization, while others will enter the roots at the beginning of winter and early spring, and the rest will be useful later. As the roots of the seedlings begin to move far before the buds expand, they can soon be effective as long as the position of fertilization is proper. Generally speaking, summer is not recommended, especially after midsummer, because fertilization can make seedlings grow too fast, and the lignification degree of new shoots is low, so it is easy to suffer from low temperature. The number of fertilizing depends on the species of seedlings, the reaction of growth and other factors.

2.1 土壤施肥

2.1 fertilization in soil

地表施肥。生长在裸露土壤上的小树，可以撒施，但必须同时松土或浇水，使肥料进入土层，才能获得比较满意的效果。需要特别注意的是，不要在树干30厘米以内施化肥，否则会造成根颈和干基的损伤；打孔施肥。是从穴状施肥衍变而来的一种方法，通常大规格苗木或草坪上生长的苗木，都采用孔施法，这种方法可使肥料遍布整个根系分布区。方法是在施肥区每隔60 - 80厘米打一个30 - 60厘米深的孔，将额定施肥量均匀的施入各个孔中，约达孔深的2/3，然后用泥炭藓、碎粪肥或表土堵塞孔洞、踩紧。

Fertilization on the surface. The growth in the bare soil on the trees, can broadcast, but must also loosen or watering, the fertilizer into the soil, in order to obtain satisfactory results. It is important to pay special attention to not applying chemical fertilizer within 30 centimeters of the tree trunk, otherwise it will cause damage to the root neck and dry base, and punching and fertilizing. It is a method derived from the point fertilization. The Kong Shi method is usually used to grow seedlings on large scale seedlings or lawns. This method can make fertilizers spread throughout the whole root distribution area. The method is to use a hole of 30-60 centimeters deep in the fertilizer area every 60-80 centimeters. The amount of fertilizer is evenly applied to each hole, about 2/3 of the deep hole, then clogged with holes and trampled by sphagnum, broken manure or topsoil.

2.2 根外追肥

2.2 external fertilizer

根外追肥也叫叶面喷肥，具有简单易行、用肥量小、吸收见效快、可满足苗木急需等优点，避免了营养元素在土壤中的化学或生物固定作用，尤其适合在缺水季节或缺水地区以及不便土壤施肥的地方采用。叶面喷肥不能代替土壤施肥。土壤施肥和叶面喷肥各具特点，可以互补不足，如能运用得当，可发挥肥料的最大效用。

The foliage dressing is also called foliar fertilizer is simple, with a small amount of fertilizer, the absorption is quick, can meet the need of seedlings etc., to avoid the nutrient elements in soil chemical or biological fixation, especially suitable for use in the dry season or water area and local soil fertilization inconvenience. Foliar fertilization can not replace soil fertilization. Soil fertilization and foliar fertilization have their own characteristics, which can complement each other. If they can be used properly, it can give full play to the maximum utility of fertilizer.

三、常用肥料的施用方法以及注意事项

Three. Application methods of common fertilizer and matters of attention

3.1 有机肥

3.1 organic fertilizer

选用有机肥一定要选用充分腐熟的温性肥料，如：牛羊粪、烘干鸡粪、草炭等。用牛羊粪、鸡粪时，要做好杀虫灭菌处理，一般在做腐熟处理时每吨有机肥混入碳酸氢氨50公斤，并用500倍多菌灵喷布，随翻随喷，然后用塑料布密封约一个月即可使用；肥料的用量。有机肥的用量应掌握在复土用量的1/6至1/5左右，不宜过大，用时一定要与回填土充分搅拌均匀。

The temperature of the fertilizer, using organic fertilizer must use the compost such as cattle and sheep dung, dried chicken manure, peat etc.. When cattle and sheep manure and chicken manure are used, they must be treated with insecticide and sterilization. Generally, when the rotten treatment is done, every ton of organic fertilizer is mixed into 50 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate, and then sprayed with 500 times of carbendazim, then it will be sealed with plastic cloth for about a month, and the amount of fertilizer can be used. The amount of organic fertilizer should be mastered at 1/6 to 1/5, which should not be too large, so it must be fully stirred with the backfill.

3.2 无机肥

3.2 inorganic fertilizer

尽可能不选用纯N、P、K肥，多选一些含有腐殖质的复合、复配肥料。使用无机肥的用量时要注意控制，一般视树木的规格大小而定，掌握在0.2 - 2公斤。

Do not use pure N, P, K fertilizer as far as possible, choose some containing humus compound, compound fertilizer. Use the amount of inorganic fertilizer to pay attention to control, generally depending on the size of the tree, and master in 0.2 - 2 kilograms.

3.3 补肥

3.3 mending fertilizer

补肥指的是树木成活后的接力肥。一般在新梢长至15 - 20厘米时即可施用，此次施肥可采用条状施肥，多采用速效肥。所用肥料以能促进养分积累的P、K肥为主，以促进生殖生长的N肥为辅。N肥的用量控制在P、K肥的1/10以内，此次施肥量视树木的规格大小控制在1 - 5公斤。

Fertilizer is the relay fertilizer after the trees live. Generally, it can be applied when the new shoots are 15-20 centimeters long, and the fertilizer can be applied in a strip like fertilizer, and most of the fertilizer can be used. The fertilizer used as P and K fertilizer, which can promote the accumulation of nutrients, is supplemented by N fertilizer for promoting reproductive growth. The amount of N fertilizer is controlled within the 1/10 of P and K fertilizer. This amount of fertilizer is controlled by 1-5 kg depending on the size of the tree.

3.4 体外施肥

3.4 in vitro fertilization

移植树木体外施肥的作用是不可小视的，它有利于移植树木水分、养分的补充，而且肥料进入植物体内的速度较根系施肥要快的多。（新栽树木根系由于要经愈伤恢复过程，几乎不具备养分吸收能力，且养分由根系进入植物体需要筛管、导管等输送，要大约10到15天才能发挥作用。体外施肥由于渗透及置换作用，可直接进入植物体，3天左右即可发挥作用，满足树木生长的需要。

移植树木体外施肥的作用是不可小视的，它有利于移植树木水分、养分的补充，而且肥料进入植物体内的速度较根系施肥要快的多。 (new tree root system due to the callus recovery process, almost do not have the ability of nutrient uptake, and nutrient from root into the plant body, need to screen pipe conveying, about 10 to 15 days to play a role. In vitro fertilization, due to infiltration and replacement, can directly enter the plant body. It can play a role in 3 days or so to meet the needs of the growth of trees.