园林绿化苗木的管理要点

Management points of garden greening seedlings

1、对苗木应进行强修剪(以乔木为例)，剪除部分侧枝，保留的侧枝也应疏剪或短截，并应保留原树冠的三分之一，相应的加大土球体积。

1, the seedlings should be strongly pruned (with trees as an example), cutting off part of the lateral branch, the retained side branches should also be thinning or short cut, and should retain the original tree crown of 1/3, the corresponding increase of the volume of earth ball.

2、夏季搭栅遮荫、树冠喷雾、树干保湿，保持空气湿润;冬季应防风防寒。作堰后应及时浇透水，待水渗完后复土，第二天再作堰浇水，封土，浇透三次水后可视泥土干燥情况及时补水，不同的地区可以遵循(1、3、5或1、3、7)的原则。对排水不良的种植穴，可在穴底铺l0～15cm砂砾或铺设渗水管、盲沟，以利排水。

2, summer shade, spray tree crown, tree trunk moisture, keep the air moist; winter should be windproof and cold proof. After the weir, the water should be poured in time. After the water is finished, the soil should be reused for second days, and then the soil is water, the soil is sealed and the soil is poured through three times. The soil can be filled with water in time. The principle of (1, 3, 5 or 1, 3, 7) can be followed. For planting holes with poor drainage, l0 ~ 15cm gravel or paving pipe and blind ditch can be paved at the bottom of the hole to drain water.

3、树木种植后应对苗木进行浇水、支撑固定等工作，种植后应在略大于种植穴直径的周围，筑成高10～15cm的灌水土堰，堰应筑实、踩实不得漏水。坡地可采用鱼鳞穴式种植。对新发芽放叶的树冠喷雾，宜在上午l0时前和下午16时后进行。

3, the trees should be watering and supporting and fixing the seedlings after planting. After planting, the planting should be slightly larger than the diameter of the planting points and build up 10 ~ 15cm of the Irrigation Soil weir. The weir should be built, and the water should not be leaked. The slope land can be planted with fish scale. The spray of new sprouting leaves should be carried out before l0 am and 16 p.m.

4、大树的支撑宜用扁担桩十字架和三角撑，低矮树可用扁担桩，高大树木可用三角桩撑。扁担桩的桩位应在根系和土球范围外，水平桩离地lm以上，两水平桩十字交叉位置应在树干的上风方向，扎缚处应垫软物。 三角撑宜在树干高2/3处结扎，用毛竹或钢丝绳固定，三角撑的一根撑干(绳)必须在主风向上位，其他两根可均匀分布。

4, the support of big trees should be supported by the pole and the cross braces and the triangular braces. The pile position of the pole pile should be outside the range of root and earth ball, the horizontal pile is above LM, and the cross position of the two horizontal pile should be in the direction of the upper wind of the tree trunk, and the soft material should be padded at the tie and bound place. The triangular braces should be ligated at the height of the tree trunk at 2/3, fixed with bamboo or wire rope, and one of the trunks of the triangular braces must be in the main direction of the wind, and the other two can be evenly distributed.

苗木养护管理的技术措施

Technical measures for the maintenance and management of seedlings

1

One

乔木养护

Tree maintenance

乔木管养的标准：是生长旺盛，枝叶健壮，树形优美，行道树下缘线整齐，修剪适度，干直冠美，无死树缺株，无枯枝残叶，景观效果优良。具体内容如下：

The standard of arbor Management: vigorous growth, strong branches and leaves, beautiful tree shape, neat edge of the roadside tree, moderate pruning, dry straight crown beauty, no dead tree, no leaves and leaves, and good landscape effect. The specific contents are as follows:

(1)生长势强，生长量超过该树种该规格平均年生长量;枝叶健壮，枝条粗壮，叶色浓绿，无枯枝残叶。

(1) the growth potential is strong, the growth exceeds the average annual growth of the tree species, the branches and leaves are strong, the branches are strong, the leaves are thick green, and there are no dead branches and leaves.

(2)修剪：乔木修剪主要修除徒长枝、病虫枝、交叉枝、下垂枝及枯枝死枝。

(2) pruning: tree pruning mainly consists of long branches, disease and insect branches, Cross branches, drooping branches and dead branches.

(3)灌溉、施肥要求每季度施有机肥料两次，采用穴施及喷洒、水肥等，然后用土覆盖，淋水透彻，水渗透深度10厘米以上，无须造型修剪的树木，及时剪除黄枝、病虫枝、荫蔽徒长枝及阻碍车辆通行的下垂枝，及时清理干净修剪物。并要求在每年的春、秋季按每季度重点施肥4～5次。在11月和12月两月及时浇好越冬防冻水，做好防风障的支护。

(3) irrigation and fertilization require two organic manure per quarter, and the use of cave and spray, water and fertilizer, and then soil cover, drenching water thoroughly, water penetration depth of 10 centimeters above, without plastic pruning trees, cut off yellow branches, diseases and insect branches, shaded unloaded branches, and hinder the vehicle's passing branches in time, cleaning and pruning in time. Things. It also requires 4~5 times of key fertilizer each quarter in spring and autumn every year. In November and December, the winter wintering antifreeze water was put in place to protect the windbreak.

(4)及时做好病虫害的防治工作，以防为主，精心管养，使植物增强抗病虫害能力，经常检查，早发现早治理。

(4) timely prevention and control of pests and diseases should be carried out in order to prevent and control the diseases and pests.

(5)除积雪冬季及时清除枝条积雪，无积雪压弯、压伤、压折枝条现象。

(5) clearing snow and snow in winter without snow, bending, crushing and crushing branches.

2

Two

灌木、绿篱、草坪养护

Conservation of shrubs, hedges, turf

灌木、绿篱、草坪养护标准：是生长旺盛，枝叶健壮，色泽正常，修剪适度整齐，干直冠美，无死苗缺株，无枯枝残叶，景观效果优良。草坪内无杂草。具体内容如下：

Shrubs, hedgerows, lawn maintenance standard: growth is vigorous, the branches and leaves are strong, the color and lustre are normal, the pruning is moderate and tidy, the dry straight crown beauty, the no dead seedling, the dead shoots and the leaves, the landscape effect is fine. There are no weeds in the lawn. The specific contents are as follows:

(1)松土、锄草、来年开春后全面平整。对孽生性强的各类杂草，一经发现，立即根除。

(1) loose soil, weeding, and full leveling after spring. All kinds of weeds which are strong in nature are eliminated once they are discovered.

(2)修剪、整形苗木修剪、整形的主要目的是为了保证苗木正常生长和提高观赏性。灌木修剪以保留自然树形为主;绿篱、球形植物主要是整形修剪。 修剪一般在秋季苗木进入休眠期进行，整形则主要在春季苗木萌发前进行。草坪的留茬高度一般控制在10到15厘米左右。

(2) the main purpose of pruning, shaping and pruning of seedlings is to ensure the normal growth and ornamental quality of seedlings. Shrub pruning is mainly reserved for natural trees; hedge and spherical plants are mainly pruning. Pruning is usually carried out in the autumn when the seedlings enter the dormant period, while plastic is mainly carried out before spring seedlings are sprouting. The stubble height of lawn is generally controlled between 10 and 15 centimeters.

(3)施肥、浇水对灌木也可追施叶面肥。每季度施肥两次，每亩施尿素混复合肥20千克，采用撒施及水肥等，水渗透深度10厘米以上。在11月和12月两月及时浇好越冬防冻水，做好防风障的支护。

(3) fertilizing and watering can also apply foliar fertilizer to shrubs. Fertilizer was applied two times per quarter, urea in each mu was mixed with 20 kg in Hefei, and the water penetration depth was over 10 cm by spreading and water and fertilizer. In November and December, the winter wintering antifreeze water was put in place to protect the windbreak.

(4)病虫害防治 一旦出现病虫害症状，立即对症下药，严防病虫害蔓延。

(4) once diseases and insect pests are found in pest control, we should immediately prescribe the right medicine and prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

园林绿化工程养护标准

Maintenance standard for Landscaping Engineering

1

One

一级养护质量标准

First grade maintenance quality standard

绿化充分，植物配置合理，达到黄土不露天。

The greening is adequate and the plants are arranged rationally so that the loess is not open.

1、园林植物标准：

1, garden plant standard:

(1)生长势：好。生长超过该树种该规格的平均生长量(平均生长量待以后调查确定)。

(1) the growing trend: good. The average growth rate of the growth exceeds that of the tree species (the average increment should be determined later).

(2)叶子健壮：①叶色正常，叶大而肥厚、在正常的条件下不黄叶，不焦叶、不卷叶、不落叶，叶上无虫尿虫网灰尘；②被啃咬的叶片最严重的每株在5％以下(包括5％，以下同)。

(2) healthy leaves: (1) normal leaf color, large and thick leaves, no yellow leaves under normal conditions, no coke leaves, no leaves, no leaves, and no insect net dust on the leaves; 2. The most serious leaf gnawing leaves are below 5% (including 5%, below the same).

(3)枝、干健壮：①无明显枯枝、死权、枝条粗壮，过冬前新梢木质化；②无蛀干害虫的活卵活虫；③介壳虫最严重处主枝干上100平方厘米1头活虫以下(包括1头，以下同)，较细的枝条每尺长的一段上在5头活虫以下(包括5头，以下同)；株数都在2％以下(包括2％，以下同)；④树冠完整：分支点合适，主侧枝分布均称和数量适宜、内膛不乱、通风透光。

(3) branches and dry sturdy: (1) no obvious branches, dead weight, stout branches, lignification of new shoots before winter; (2) live eggs without borers; (3) 100 square centimeter 1 live worms (including 1, below) on the most serious branch trunk of the shell insect (including 1, below), and smaller branches below 5 live worms (including 5, below). The number of plants is below 2% (including 2%, below the same); (4) the crown of the tree is complete: the branch point is suitable, the distribution of the main branch is suitable, the inner bore is not disorderly, and the ventilation is ventilated.

(4)措施好：按一级技术措施要求认真进行养护。

(4) the measures are good: conscientiously carry out maintenance according to the first level technical measures.

(5)行道树基本无缺株。

(5) there are basically no plants in the tree.

(6)草坪覆盖率应基本达到100％；草坪内杂草控制在10％以内；生长茂盛颜色正常，不枯黄；每年修剪暖地型6次以上，冷地型15次以上；无病虫害。

(6) the lawn coverage rate should basically reach 100%, the lawn weeds control within 10%, the growth flourishing color is normal, not yellow, the pruning warm ground more than 6 times a year, the cold type more than 15 times; no diseases and insect pests.

2、行道树和绿地内无死树，树木修剪合理，树形美观，能及时很好地解决树木与电线、建筑物、

2. There are no dead trees in roadside trees and green spaces. The trees are pruned reasonably and the trees are beautiful. They can solve trees and wires, buildings, and trees in time.