一、绿化苗木的培育

First, the cultivation of green seedlings

1.1 确定栽植方法

1.1 determination of planting methods

在对绿化苗木进行栽植时，工作人员首先需要明确其与经济型果园的建立在性质上存在明显不同，也就是说苗木的栽植需要在单位面积内尽量对苗木质量与数量进行提升。通过实践可以发现，以下栽植方法与我国大部分地区的环境和需求相适应：①采取大垄、大株距的方式对苗木进行栽植;②栽植后覆土、踏实，保证中间低、两边高，这样做的目的是为灌水工作提供便利;③待灌水工作完成后，再在两边覆土，避免水分的不必要失散。

In the planting of green seedlings, the staff should first make clear that the establishment of the economic orchard is obviously different in nature, that is to say, the seedling planting needs to improve the quality and quantity of the seedlings in the unit area. Through practice, it can be found that the following planting methods are adapted to the environment and demand in most areas of our country: (1) planting large ridges and large row spacing to plant seedlings; secondly, after planting, covering soil and steadfast, ensuring low middle and high sides, so that the purpose of doing this is to provide convenience for irrigation work; after the completion of irrigation work, then after the completion of irrigation work, then Cover the soil on both sides to avoid the loss of moisture.

1.2 确定管理方法

1.2 determine the management method

当所栽植苗木的抽生长度达到 10 厘米时，便可以开始第一次的人工抹芽，这次人工抹芽需要将除位于中上部的 5 ～ 6个抽生枝条之外的枝条全部抹掉，同时还需要开展相应的根外追肥和喷药工作，在对叶面进行喷雾处理的过程中，工作人员应当以杀虫剂和 0.3% 尿素液为主，这样做能够在一定程度上对枝条的生长速度进行加快，还能够对病虫害的发生起到抑制作用。在 7、8 月时，所栽植苗木的抽生长度达到 60 ～ 70 厘米，此时便可以开始第二次的人工整形，二次整形的目的是对树型进行培养，因此，在绿化的同时工作人员需要做好相应的树型，对位于不同方位的枝条进行搭配，在避免重叠或交叉的基础上，选择 3 ～ 5 个相对健壮的枝条作为主枝培养，其余枝条则应当从基部剪掉，这样做的目的是避免养分被过多消耗，保证枝条的快速成熟。实践结果表明，应用上文所叙述的管理方法，当年秋季就能够完成对二年生优质苗木进行培养的工作。

When the seedling length of the plant is 10 centimeters, the first artificial bud can be started. This artificial bud need to remove all the branches except the 5~6 branches in the middle and upper part. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the corresponding root outer dressing and spray work, and spray the foliage on the leaf surface. In this case, the workers should mainly use pesticides and 0.3% urea liquid, which can speed up the growth of the branches to a certain extent, and can also inhibit the occurrence of diseases and pests. In 7 and August, the length of the planted seedlings was 60~70 centimeters, and the second times of artificial reshaping could be started. The purpose of the two reshaping was to cultivate the tree type. Therefore, at the same time, the staff needed to do the corresponding tree type and match the branches in different directions and avoid the weight. On the basis of overlapping or intersecting, 3~5 relatively strong branches are selected as the main branches, and the rest of the branches should be cut from the base. The purpose of this is to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients and ensure the rapid maturation of the branches. The practice results show that the management method mentioned above will be able to complete the cultivation of biennial high-quality seedlings in autumn.

二、绿化苗木的栽植

Two. Planting seedlings of green trees

2.1 测距、挖坑

2.1 ranging and digging

根据实际需求完成苗木的测距工作。所种植绿化苗木的单行株距应当被控制在 2 ～ 4 米的范围内，每两行之间的行距则是 3 ～ 4 米。在对需要挖掘的坑的大小进行确认时，工作人员应当将苗木的年龄作为主要判断依据，树龄约 3/4 年的苗木，所对应的坑应为直径 50 厘米、深度 30 厘米，并且在坑中应用表土与农家肥进行混拌形成的肥料进行填土处理，如果没有足够的农家肥供工作人员使用，则可以选择磷酸二铵和尿素对其进行代替。对于需要挖掘处理的苗木而言，工作人员在对苗木根部直径和深度进行确定时，应当将坑的大小和树龄情况作为主要参考依据，切忌出现随意挖坑的情况。

According to the actual needs, the ranging work of the seedlings is completed. The single row spacing of planting seedlings should be controlled within 2~4 meters, and the row spacing between two rows is 3~4 meters. When determining the size of the pit that needs to be excavated, the staff should take the age of the seedling as the main judgment basis, the seedling of the tree of about 3/4 years old, the corresponding pit should be 50 cm in diameter and 30 centimeters in depth, and to fill the soil with the mixed fertilizer of the topsoil and the farmyard fertilizer in the pit, if not. If there are enough farmyard manure for staff, DAP and urea can be used instead. For the seedlings that need to be excavated, the staff should take the size of the pit and the age of the tree as the main reference when determining the diameter and depth of the root of the seedlings.

2.2 挖掘、运输

2.2 mining, transportation

在当地进行栽植的苗木可以做到随挖随栽。对异地栽植的苗木而言，工作人员首先需要完成对定植坑的挖掘工作，在对大龄苗木进行挖掘的过程中，应当对以下两个时期引起足够的重视：①初冬季节(11 月中旬至 12 月初)，此时应当带大冻土坨，保证苗木的根部不会受伤;②早春季节(3 月中旬至 4 月初)，此时也需要带大冻土坨，并且在主干上做好相应的方向标记。在苗木运输的过程中，可以在根部缠绕粗草绳，保持树体的水分直至到达目的地。

Seedlings planted locally can be planted with digging. For the different planting seedlings, the staff should first complete the excavation of the planting pit. In the process of digging the older seedlings, we should pay enough attention to the following two periods: 1. First winter season (mid November to early December), at this time, the big frozen soil Tuo should be taken to ensure that the roots of the seedlings will not be injured; 2. In the early spring season (from mid March to early April), it is also necessary to bring large frozen soil lumps and make corresponding directional marks on the trunk. In the process of transportation of seedlings in the thick rope can be wound in the roots, keep the tree water until it reaches the destination.

2.3 定植

2.3 colonization

根据相应的标记，将带大冻土坨的苗木放入相对应的定植坑之中，并且用土在四周进行封严。在完成栽植工作后，应当立即开始对苗木进行灌水，初冬季节的灌水共分为 2 次，每次灌水之间相隔 10 天，保证地上部封冻;早春季节则应当在灌透底水的同时，将地膜覆盖在树盘的周围，这样做能够保湿增温，加快苗木根系的生长速度。

According to the corresponding markings, the seedlings with large frozen soil lump are placed in the corresponding planting pits, and the soil is sealed around. After completion of planting, irrigation of seedlings should be started immediately. The irrigation of the early winter season is divided into 2 times. Each irrigation is separated for 10 days, and the upper part of the ground is frozen. In the early spring season, the film should be covered around the tree plate while filling the bottom water, so that it can moisturize and increase the temperature and accelerate the root system of the seedlings. Growth rate.